The mix design wetmix determines the optimum bitumen content. To determine the specific gravity of semisolid bitumen road tars, creosote and anthracene oil as per is. The standard test methods used for the determination of specific gravity of coarse aggregate are described in aashto t 85 and astm c127. Specific gravity specific gravity of bitumen the specific gravity of semisolid bituminous material, asphalt cements, and soft tar pitches shall be expressed as the ratio of the mass of a given volume of the material at 25 c to that of an equal volume of water at the same. Use the ga of the specimens to calculate the degree of. Method of test for theoretical maximum specific gravity and density of hot mix asphalt. Determining specific gravity of bitumen civil engineering portal. Theoretical maximum specific gravity is used along with bulk specific gravity values from field cores and laboratory compacted specimens to calculate air voids and the inplace air voids of a. Test specimen shall be a representative sample based on the following table. China api gravity china zero gravity china urine specific gravity.
Properties considered in mix design superpave mix design. Specific gravity of bituminous material is known as the proportion of mass of specified capacity of substance to the equivalent volume of water, temperature of both of them approximating 27 degree celsius. Specific gravity specific gravity of bitumen the specific gravity of semisolid bituminous material, asphalt cements, and soft tar pitches shall be expressed as the ratio of the mass of a given volume of the material at 25 c to that of an equal volume of water at the same temperature. The asphalt rice test is a routine test performed by asphalt producers, state departments of. Specific gravity of bitumendefinition, test and procedure. Properties considered in mix design superpave mix design method. Prior to handling test materials, performing equipment setups, andor. Scope this test provides three methods for determining the bulk specific gravity and density of compacted hot mix asphalt hma. It is the ratio of mass of a given volume of bitumen to the mass of an equal volume of water, both taken at. What is the specific gravity of bitumen and what are the.
Purpose of specific gravity test of asphalt is to determine. Chapter 2 design and control of bituminous mixtures using. Quantitative determination of asphalt content from asphalt paving mixtures by the ignition method. It composes 87% carbon, 11% hydrogen and 2% oxygen by weight. This test is done to determine the specific gravity of semi solid bitumen road tars, creosote and anthracene oil as per is. Atm 401 sampling bituminous materials alaska department of. Determining density of compacted mituminous mixtures. It is often required to know the specific gravity of straight run and cutback bitumen for purposes of calculating rates of spread, asphaltic concrete mix properties etc.
This test can also be used to determine the specific gravity of road tars. The specific gravity of pure bitumen ranges from 0. Test proceedures optimising bitumen performance glossary puma bitumen 1 2 5 10 12 16 17 24. The principle is that it is the ratio of mass of a given volume of bitumen to the mass of an equal volume of water, both taken at a recordedspecified temperature. Record the weight of the asphalt concrete mixture in the pan. Pavement materials sri jayachamarajendra college of engineering.
Theoretical maximum specific gravity pavement interactive. Ct 309 june 1, 2004 pdf method of test for theoretical maximum specific gravity and density of bituminous paving mixtures. Saybolt furol viscosity test is used to determine viscosity of liquid bitumens. Bitumen specific gravity test asphalt specific gravity. Of paraffin specimens t275 3 theoretical maximum specific gravity and density of hma t209 4 reducing field samples t248 5 percent air voids t269 6 all technicians must certify for these tests. This test is done to determine the specific gravity of semisolid bitumen road tars, creosote and anthracene oil as per is. This procedure covers the determination of the maximum specific gravity gmm of uncompacted hot mix asphalt hma paving mixtures in accordance with aashto. By definition, the specific gravity of bitumen, the tartoweight ratio of a certain volume of water volume at a given temperature. At least three determinations should be made and the average value used. The higher the viscosity of the bitumen more time will be required for a quantity to flow out. Bitumen is a noncrystalline, black or dark brown viscous material, which is substantially soluble in organic solvents. This method of test covers the determination of bulk specific gravity of specimens of compacted hot mix asphalt hma. Samples larger than the capacity of the container may be tested in two or more increments.
The specific gravity can be measured using either pycnometer or preparing a cube specimen of bitumen in the semisolid or solid state. Bitumen is a black or brown mixture of hydrocarbons obtained by partial distillation of crude petroleum. The methods are essentially the same, except for the required time in which a sample of aggregate is submersed in water to essentially fill the. Specific gravity of bitumen the specific gravity of semisolid bituminous material, asphalt cements, and soft tar pitches shall be expressed as the ratio of the mass of a given volume of the material at 25 c to that of an equal volume of water at the same temperature. Determination of the specific gravity of micro quantities of bituminous substances by rodney edgerton cox a dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy major subject. Nov 29, 2017 aim to find the specific gravity of bitumen sample music credits. The 6% of ldpe content was preferred as a bitumen modifier percentage which was used to.
Theoretical maximum specific gravity of bituminous paving mixtures duration. Determining specific gravity of bitumen civil engineering. Specific gravity of a material is defined as the ratio. What is the specific gravity of bitumen various petroleum products with specific gravity different pitch. If the increments have a specific gravity difference greater than 0. California test methods version selection caltrans. Calculate the bulk specific gravity of the combined aggregate. For good pavement construction, the range of specific gravity of bitumen should be 0. Procedure record all information on sfn 9987 or sfn 2455. Bitumen is a nonfuel products and has many classes 80100 grade 50 70 grade 6070 grade 85100 grade. This test method determines the bulk specific gravity ga of compacted bituminous mixture specimens. The primary use of asphalt is in road construction, where it is used as the glue or binder mixed with.
Khatri introduction mineral aggregates used in hot mix asphalt hma mixtures have some porosity and as such tend to absorb some amount of asphalt cement. Specific gravity test in paving jobs, to classify a binder, density property is of great use. Bahia university of wisconsin madison international workshop on asphalt binders and mastics september 16th and 17th, 2010 madisonwisconsin. Unfortunately, trichloroethylene has been identified as a carcinogen and contributing to. Apr 30, 2017 specific gravity of bituminous material is defined as ratio of mass of given volume of substance to the equal volume of water, temperature of both being 27c. State materials office florida department of transportation. Because the specific gravity of asphalt binders change with temperature, specific gravity tests are useful in making volume corrections based on temperature.
Measurement of water permeability of compacted asphalt paving mixtures. Determination of the specific gravity of micro quantities of. D 7076, specific gravity of bitumen, specific gravity. This test method covers the determi nation of specific gra vity and absorption of coarse aggregate. A typical specific gravity for asphalt is around 1. Bulk specific gravity or density the density of the compacted mix is the unit weight of the mixture the weight of a specific volume of hma. Analysis of extracted aggregate t30 1 bulk specific gravity t166 2 or bulk sp. Table 1 test sample size for gmm nominal maximum aggregate size. How to test specific gravity of bitumen atdm co ltd. Materials that have a lower specific gravity are lower boiling point thus one of the first applications of this parameter has been using it for the distillation of crude oil. Test methods for mineral filler used in hma ahmed f. The specific gravity may be expressed as bulk specific gravity, bulk specific gravity ssd or apparent specific gravity. July 21, 2014 bitumen, materials, tests on bitumen 1 comment.
Specific gravity of bituminous material is known as the proportion of mass of specified capacity of substance to the equivalent volume of water, temperature of. Aashto t 16616 free download asme icc csa astm codes. Marshall method of mix design is the most popular one and is discussed. Specific gravity and absorption of c oarse aggregate astm c 127 88 scope. Determining the optimum asphalt binder content of an opengraded friction course mixture using the pie plate method. It equips a water buffer device to prevent the water in the negative pressure container from flowing into the vacuum pump. Method a measures the bulk specific gravity using paraffin coated briquettes and is used for. The test is based on the principle that specific gravity is the ratio of the mass of a given volume of bitumen to the mass of an equal volume of water, both taken at a specified temperature. Illinois test procedures for other materials may be included. Assessment of specific gravity of a specified sample of bitumen apparatus. Historical version s view previous versions of standard. Without compromising the quality of bitumen and also no new tests are required. The specific gravity of bitumen 4050, 6070 and bitumen 8000 is defined as the ratio of mass of given volume of bitumen 4050, 6070 and bitumen 8000 of known content to the mass of equal volume of water at 270c.
Specific gravity test on bitumen specific gravity of bitumen is the ration of mass of given volume of bitumen to the mass of equal volume of water at specified temperature. Bulk specific gravity gmb of compacted hot mix asphalt hma using saturated surfacedry specimens fop for aashto t 166 scope this procedure covers the determination of bulk specific gravity gmb of compacted hot mix asphalt hma using three methods a, b, and c in accordance with aashto t 16612. You already know that specific gravity test is an important test in your all civil engineering lab. Approval and use of aggregates is based upon meeting physical test requirements in the following physical tests. Specific gravity test the specific gravity of bitumen is defined as the ratio of mass of given volume of bitumen of known content to the mass of equal volume of water at 27 0 c. The density of bitumen is greatly influenced by its chemical composition. Jan 22, 2018 specific gravity test of bitumen 22 jan 2018 10 sep 2018 aim. Make at least three determinations at points on the surface of the sample not less than 10mm apart and not less than 10mm from the side of the dish.
Laboratory test procedure for determining bulk specific gravity of superpave gyratory compacted specimens. This blog post will explore the basics of what to know about the specific gravity of asphalt, what equipment is needed and how it gets the job done with the rice test. The solubility test is used to detect contamination in asphalt cement. Pdf improvement of modified bitumen using low density. Mix properties are required to be measured in volumetric terms as well as weight. It is a function of the ratio of asphalt to water absorption, which varies widely but follows a definite pattern with different types of aggregates. The asphalt absorption can be found knowing the bulk impregnated specific gravity of the mixture, the bulk specific gravity of the. The specific gravity of bitumen is also a must needed test you need to do while your pavement construction. Among the methods available for determining the density of asphalt is. Viscosity denotes the fluid property of the bituminous material and it is a measure of resistance to flow.
This test can also be used to determine the specific gravity of road tars, creosote and anthracene oils as per is. Standard test method for bulk specific gravity and density. There are several ways to determine the specific gravity of asphalt on all these methods, is archimedes law. Specifications for asphalt cements normally require a minimum solubility in trichloroethylene of99. Specific gravity is the ratio of the mass of a given volume of the substance to the mass of an. The standard specific gravity test is carried out at a temperature of 250c. Manual of test procedures for materials january 1, 2017 manual of test procedures for materials vii standard description page astm d 118807 2015 illinois modified 010117 standard test method for bulk specific gravity and density of compacted bituminous mixtures using coated samples. Specific gravity test for bitumen learning technology. Almost as same as specific gravity for fine aggregate.
Test sample size shall conform to the requirements of table 1. Bitumen 80100 is used as a binder of mineral aggregates in asphalt concrete and hot laid plant mix for highways, airports, parking areas, driveways and curbs. Bulk specific gravity and bulk density of compacted bituminous mixtures a modification of aashto designation t 166 and pp 75 1. Astm d2041 specific gravity meter for bitumen mixtures. No date name of the experiment staff signature remarks 12 flash and fire point test determine the test on specific gravity 14 determination of penetration value 15 determination of softening point test 16 determination of ductility of bitumen 17 determination of viscosity 18 determination of bitumen by centrifuge extractor 19. Astm d70 97 standard test method for specific gravity. Relating asphalt absorption to properties of asphalt cement and aggregates prithvi s.
Referenced documents purchase separately the documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard. Ct 330 september 1, 2017 pdf method of test for residue by evaporation of nonmodified asphaltic. Maximum theoretical specific gravity and density of field produced bituminous mixtures rice test a modification of aashto t 209 1. This method should not be used with samples that contain open or interconnecting voids or absorb more than 2. Density is important because proper density in the finished product is essential for lasting pavement performance.
Specific gravity is the good indicator of quality of binder. The primary aim of this test is, you can simply convert material weight to volume an vice versa. Theoretical maximum specific gravity gmm and density of hot mix asphalt hma paving mixtures fop for aashto t 209. Special requirements test method test designation pages mech. Fm 5472 c1 change 1 headquarters department of the army washington, dc, 29 december 2000 materials testing 1. Volumetric analysis of hma mixtures 46 classroom exercise 1 based on the information given for this problem, the following steps should be followed. There are many methods available for mix design which vary in the size of the test specimen, compaction, and other test specifications. Various laboratory tests on bitumen is conducted to check quality and different properties of bitumen for pavement construction.
The advantage of using the viscosity test as compared with the penetration test is that the viscosity test measures a fundamental physical property rather than an empirical value. The specific gravity can be measured using either pycnometer or preparing a cube specimen of bitumen in semi solid or solid state. Departments technical specifications volume 3 of 4 of the standard tender documents, it is. Using this test you can determine the specific gravity of semisolid bitumen. Release the needle for five seconds and measure the distance penetrated. Exp 9 specific gravity of bitumen civil engineers pk. Theoretical maximum specific gravity of bituminous mixtures. Improvement of modified bitumen using low density polyethylene. Various lab tests on bitumen for pavement construction. Bulk specific gravity dense graded mixtures and sma bulk specific gravity open graded mixtures. In most cases bitumen is weighed, but when used with aggregates, the bitumen is converted to volume using density values. The specific gravity of bitumen defined as the ratio of mass of given volume of bitumen of known content to the mass of equal volume of water at 270c.
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